The processes of transcription and translation are fundamental steps in gene expression, with the former directly preceding the latter. One involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template, creating a messenger molecule. This RNA molecule then serves as the blueprint for the other, where a polypeptide chain, the building block of proteins, is assembled. This ordered sequence ensures genetic information flows accurately from DNA to functional protein products.
Understanding the connection between these processes is critical for comprehending how genetic information dictates cellular function. Disruptions in either can lead to various diseases and developmental abnormalities. Historically, elucidating their relationship has been a cornerstone of molecular biology, leading to significant advances in fields like medicine, biotechnology, and agriculture. The ability to manipulate these processes has profound implications for treating genetic disorders and engineering organisms with desirable traits.