The principle dictates that every individual is presumed to be without fault until proven otherwise in a court of law. This cornerstone of justice systems worldwide means the burden of proof rests on the prosecution, which must present sufficient evidence to convince the court beyond a reasonable doubt of the defendant’s guilt. For example, if someone is accused of theft, they are treated as if they did not commit the crime unless the prosecution can demonstrate, with compelling evidence, that they are indeed guilty.
This presumption safeguards against wrongful convictions and protects individual liberties from arbitrary state power. It promotes fairness by ensuring that individuals are not punished simply based on accusations or suspicions. Historically, this concept evolved from the need to prevent tyrannical rulers from unjustly imprisoning or executing citizens, recognizing that the potential for abuse of power necessitates such a safeguard. Its application encourages thorough investigation and fair trials, vital components of a just and equitable legal process.
