A seasonal movement of livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures characterizes a specific form of pastoralism. This practice, often involving movement between highlands and lowlands, allows herders to utilize resources that are only available during certain times of the year. A key example involves moving sheep to mountain meadows during the summer months, taking advantage of abundant grazing, and then returning them to lower valleys for the winter, where the climate is milder and supplemental feed is available. This systematic movement distinguishes it from other forms of nomadic herding.
This practice holds significant historical and contemporary importance. Historically, it allowed for the sustainable use of diverse ecological zones, ensuring the viability of pastoral economies in challenging environments. The practice supports biodiversity by preventing overgrazing in specific areas and contributing to seed dispersal. Furthermore, it helps preserve traditional cultural practices and knowledge related to animal husbandry and resource management. In certain regions, it can also contribute to tourism and the maintenance of landscape aesthetics.
