The biological process by which cells synthesize proteins utilizes the genetic code present in messenger RNA (mRNA). This fundamental process converts the nucleotide sequence of mRNA into a corresponding amino acid sequence, ultimately forming a polypeptide chain. For instance, a specific sequence of codons in mRNA, such as AUG, directs the incorporation of methionine into the nascent protein.
This conversion is essential for cellular function, as proteins are the workhorses of the cell, performing a vast array of tasks including catalyzing biochemical reactions, transporting molecules, and providing structural support. Historically, understanding this process has been pivotal in advancing fields such as genetics, molecular biology, and medicine, allowing for the development of novel therapies targeting protein synthesis.
