These residential areas, often found on the peripheries of urban centers in developing nations, are characterized by unauthorized occupation of land. Dwellings are constructed without legal claim to the property or permission from relevant authorities. Building materials are typically makeshift, ranging from salvaged wood and corrugated metal to cardboard and plastic sheeting. A frequent characteristic is a lack of access to essential services such as potable water, sanitation systems, and electricity. These areas arise due to a combination of factors, including rapid urbanization, poverty, and a shortage of affordable housing options for low-income populations.
The emergence and persistence of these settlements highlight critical socioeconomic challenges. They serve as a visible manifestation of inequality and inadequate urban planning. Analyzing these settlements provides insights into migration patterns, economic disparities, and governmental policies regarding land ownership and housing. Studying their historical development reveals patterns of urbanization and the evolving relationship between urban populations and available resources. Their presence also raises complex questions about human rights, urban governance, and sustainable development strategies.
