The Sedition Act of 1918, an amendment to the Espionage Act of 1917, curtailed freedom of speech during World War I. It criminalized the expression of disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the U.S. government, flag, or armed forces, or any speech intended to incite resistance to the war effort. For instance, individuals who spoke out against the sale of war bonds or advocated for the slowing of production in war-related industries were subject to prosecution under its provisions.
This legislation played a significant role in shaping the American social and political landscape during the war period. While framed as necessary for national security during a time of conflict, it resulted in the suppression of dissenting opinions and led to the arrest and conviction of numerous individuals, including political activists and labor leaders. The Act’s impact on civil liberties sparked considerable debate concerning the balance between national security and individual rights, raising questions about the extent to which government can limit free speech in times of crisis.
