The term identifies periods of intense anti-communism in United States history. These eras were characterized by widespread fear of suspected communist and socialist subversion. Government investigations, loyalty oaths, and blacklisting became prevalent features of American society during these times. For example, the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) investigated numerous individuals suspected of communist ties, impacting their careers and reputations.
Understanding these periods is crucial for comprehending the evolution of American political thought, civil liberties, and foreign policy during the 20th century. The anxieties generated profoundly affected domestic policy, shaping debates surrounding free speech, due process, and national security. Moreover, these episodes provide valuable context for analyzing the Cold War and its lasting impact on American identity.
