The characterization of circulating antibodies within a patient’s serum that react against a panel of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types constitutes an important aspect of pre-transplant immunological assessment. These antibodies, if present, indicate prior sensitization to HLA antigens, typically through previous transplants, blood transfusions, or pregnancies. The breadth and strength of antibody reactivity against the HLA panel is quantified and expressed as a percentage. For instance, a high percentage signifies reactivity against a large proportion of the panel, indicating a greater likelihood of incompatibility with potential donors.
Determining the presence and specificity of these antibodies is crucial for several reasons. It allows for accurate assessment of the risk of antibody-mediated rejection following transplantation. Furthermore, knowledge of the specific HLA antigens against which the antibodies are directed enables clinicians to prioritize compatible donors, thereby improving graft survival rates. Historically, broad antibody reactivity posed a significant barrier to successful transplantation. However, advancements in immunosuppressive therapies and desensitization protocols have expanded the options for sensitized patients.
