The term identifies a court of original jurisdiction, primarily a trial court where factual issues are determined before a judge and jury. Such courts are distinguished from appellate courts, which review legal decisions made by lower tribunals. A common example involves a civil dispute where parties present evidence, witnesses testify, and a jury renders a verdict regarding liability and damages.
Its significance lies in its function as the primary forum for resolving disputes and establishing facts upon which legal outcomes depend. Historically, it was a key component of the English legal system, referring to a writ that compelled jurors to appear at Westminster unless a judge arrived earlier in their own county to hear the case. This ensured that cases were heard locally, preventing undue delays and hardship for litigants.
