Future-oriented representations of the self, encompassing what individuals hope to become (hoped-for selves), fear becoming (feared selves), and expect to become (expected selves), exert a considerable influence on goal-directed behavior. These cognitive schemas serve as incentives for action, providing a framework through which individuals evaluate their current state and strategize for future development. For instance, a student envisioning themself as a successful professional may be motivated to dedicate more time to their studies, while the fear of academic failure can prompt them to seek additional support.
The concept’s significance lies in its capacity to bridge the gap between present behavior and future aspirations. By providing a tangible vision of potential future outcomes, these self-guides can enhance motivation, promote resilience in the face of adversity, and facilitate the development of effective coping strategies. Historically, its emergence marked a shift in psychological thought, moving beyond static conceptions of the self to embrace the dynamic and evolving nature of individual identity. This perspective acknowledges that people actively construct and revise their self-perceptions in anticipation of future possibilities, rather than being solely defined by past experiences or present circumstances.
