This approach to child-rearing is characterized by high levels of warmth and responsiveness but low levels of demandingness or control. Parents employing this style are generally very loving and attentive to their children’s needs, acting more as friends than authority figures. They tend to avoid setting firm rules, making demands, or enforcing consequences. An example is a parent who allows their child to eat dessert before dinner regularly and rarely disciplines them for misbehavior.
This style’s appeal lies in its focus on fostering a close and supportive relationship with the child and prioritizing the child’s autonomy and self-expression. Historically, it has been seen as a reaction against more authoritarian parenting styles. While the intention behind this approach is often to promote the child’s happiness and independence, research suggests potential downsides in areas such as academic performance and self-regulation. Studies indicate children raised with this method may exhibit difficulties adhering to rules and respecting boundaries.
