The original rock from which other rocks are formed is designated as the source material. This precursor undergoes transformations through processes like weathering, erosion, heat, pressure, or chemical alteration to yield new rock types. For example, granite can serve as this source material, eventually breaking down into sediment that, over time and with compaction, forms sedimentary rock. Similarly, existing rocks, under intense heat and pressure, can morph into metamorphic rocks.
Understanding the nature of this original material is crucial in geological studies. It allows geologists to trace the origins and history of various rock formations, providing insights into past environmental conditions and geological events. Identifying the source rock aids in comprehending the rock cycle and the continuous transformation of Earth’s crust. This knowledge also proves valuable in resource exploration, as the composition of the original material can influence the presence of valuable minerals and hydrocarbons in derived rocks.