This cognitive bias involves drawing broad conclusions from limited evidence. An individual engages in this when applying a specific instance or isolated occurrence to a larger, more general context. For example, if someone has a negative experience with a particular member of a group, they might assume all members of that group share similar negative traits.
Understanding this concept is crucial in psychology for analyzing and mitigating prejudiced thinking, stereotype formation, and inaccurate assumptions that can impede social interactions and decision-making. Historically, research into cognitive biases, including this tendency, has informed strategies for promoting more objective and rational thought processes. Recognizing this inclination allows individuals to become more aware of the potential flaws in their reasoning and encourages them to seek additional data before making sweeping statements.
