The term signifies a reproductive strategy where organisms generate a larger number of descendants than the environment can sustainably support. This phenomenon results in a scenario where resources become limited, leading to competition among the offspring. A classic illustration is seen in many fish species, which release thousands of eggs, knowing that only a small fraction will survive to adulthood.
This approach to reproduction is important because it increases the statistical likelihood that at least some individuals will survive and reproduce, particularly in unpredictable or harsh environments. Historically, it has been a vital adaptation for species survival, especially when facing high predation rates, environmental fluctuations, or limited parental care. The surplus of offspring allows for natural selection to operate more effectively, favoring individuals with traits that enhance survival and reproduction.
