Chemical substances facilitate communication between nerve cells. Released from the presynaptic neuron, these chemicals traverse the synaptic gap to bind with receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. This binding initiates a change in the postsynaptic cell, potentially leading to an action potential or altering its state. A common example is serotonin, which influences mood, sleep, and appetite. Its dysregulation is implicated in conditions such as depression.
Understanding these chemical messengers is crucial for comprehending behavior and mental processes. Their role extends to areas like learning, memory, and emotional regulation. Historically, the discovery and subsequent research into their function has revolutionized the understanding and treatment of various psychological disorders. This knowledge forms the foundation for many pharmacological interventions used in mental health care.
