A sense of unity and devotion to a nation, exalting one country above all others and often prioritizing its culture and interests, profoundly shapes the political landscape and territorial organization of the world. This sentiment can manifest as a shared language, history, religion, or ethnicity, fostering a collective identity among a group of people who identify with a particular place. An example is the rise of separatist movements seeking autonomy or independence based on perceived cultural or historical distinctions from the dominant national group.
The concept plays a significant role in shaping state boundaries, international relations, and internal political dynamics. Throughout history, it has fueled both unification movements, such as the unification of Germany and Italy in the 19th century, and divisive conflicts, exemplified by the wars in the former Yugoslavia. Its influence is evident in policies regarding immigration, trade, and foreign affairs, reflecting a desire to protect and promote the perceived interests of the nation and its citizens. The perceived benefits include social cohesion, economic prosperity through protectionist measures, and a strong sense of national identity.
