It refers to a musical technique involving subtle alterations in tempo for expressive purposes. Rather than maintaining a strict, metronomic pace, a performer using this technique will momentarily speed up or slow down certain passages, creating a sense of freedom and flexibility. A pianist might briefly accelerate during a particularly passionate phrase, then compensate by slightly decelerating in a subsequent measure, ultimately maintaining the overall timing of the piece.
This expressive device allows for heightened emotional impact and a more nuanced interpretation of the music. Historically, its application provided composers and performers with a means to inject personality and individuality into their renditions. This allows music to breathe and connect with the listener on a deeper emotional level. The use of this technique can also highlight melodic lines or create a dramatic sense of anticipation.
