A reform philosophy of North American architecture and urban planning that flourished during the 1890s and 1900s with the intent of introducing beautification and monumental grandeur in cities. This movement advocated for wide boulevards, harmonious civic buildings, and expansive parks, drawing inspiration from European capitals. An example is the McMillan Plan for Washington, D.C., which revitalized the National Mall. In the context of Advanced Placement United States History, understanding this concept is key to grasping the Progressive Era’s focus on social improvement and urban reform.
The movement’s significance lies in its attempt to address the social ills of industrial cities by creating aesthetically pleasing and functional urban environments. Proponents believed that beauty could inspire civic virtue and social harmony, thus improving the quality of life for all residents. While these grand designs were intended to benefit everyone, they sometimes resulted in the displacement of lower-income communities. The movement reflected a broader trend of urban reform during a period of rapid industrialization and immigration, aiming to mitigate the negative impacts of these changes on urban life.
