These specialized compression stockings, frequently encountered in hospital settings, are designed to provide graduated compression to the legs. This means the pressure exerted is highest at the ankle and gradually decreases up the leg towards the thigh. A primary purpose is to improve blood circulation in the legs, specifically to help prevent the formation of blood clots, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), particularly in individuals who are immobile or recovering from surgery. They differ from typical support stockings, which may offer uniform compression, by delivering this carefully calibrated pressure gradient.
The application of graduated compression is crucial for several reasons. By increasing the velocity of blood flow in the deep veins of the legs, the likelihood of blood stasis, a major risk factor for clot formation, is reduced. Furthermore, the external pressure helps to support venous valves, preventing backflow and pooling of blood. The historical context of these stockings is rooted in the understanding of venous thromboembolism and the need for preventative measures, particularly in post-operative patients and those with limited mobility. Benefits extend to reduced leg swelling and discomfort, further contributing to improved patient outcomes and comfort.