These fundamental rights and freedoms protect individuals from unwarranted governmental intrusion. They delineate what the government cannot do, ensuring personal autonomy in areas like speech, religion, and due process. An example is the right to remain silent during police questioning, preventing self-incrimination.
The existence of these protections is vital for a functioning democracy. They safeguard minority opinions and ensure fair treatment under the law, preventing potential abuses of power by the state. Historically, landmark Supreme Court cases have shaped the interpretation and application of these rights, solidifying their role in American jurisprudence and culture.