The tendency to favor individuals within one’s own group over those from outside the group is a pervasive social phenomenon. This preferential treatment manifests in various forms, including evaluation of individuals, allocation of resources, and overall positive regard. For instance, studies might show that individuals are more likely to attribute positive characteristics to members of their own social circle while simultaneously attributing negative characteristics to individuals belonging to other groups.
This inclination serves several psychological functions. It enhances self-esteem through association with perceived superior groups. It fosters a sense of belonging and security by reinforcing social bonds. Historically, such partiality likely aided group survival by promoting cooperation and resource sharing within communities, though the implications in modern society are considerably more complex.
