Physical contact between two objects can result in the transfer of characteristics, creating a mark or pattern. This resulting mark, when bearing sufficient detail, can be analyzed and compared to the source object to potentially associate the two. Examples of this type of physical evidence include footwear marks left at a crime scene, tool marks on a forced entry point, or tire tracks in soil.
The analysis of these markings offers a crucial link between a suspect, a victim, and a crime scene. Its significance lies in its ability to provide investigative leads, establish the presence of individuals or objects at a location, and support or refute alibis. Historically, the meticulous examination of these patterns has played a vital role in solving crimes ranging from burglary to homicide.