The practice of extending a nation’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force was a significant underlying cause of the First World War. This expansionist policy, driven by economic competition, strategic considerations, and a desire for national prestige, fueled tensions between European powers during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. For example, the scramble for Africa, where various European nations aggressively colonized territory, created friction and distrust that ultimately contributed to the escalating conflict. This competition for resources and markets, coupled with political maneuvering, intensified existing rivalries.
The benefits for imperial powers included access to raw materials, new markets for manufactured goods, and increased geopolitical influence. However, the consequences were devastating, particularly for colonized populations who suffered exploitation, oppression, and the erosion of their cultures. Moreover, the pursuit of these perceived benefits among competing European nations created a climate of intense rivalry and mistrust. This environment ultimately fostered a system of alliances that, when triggered by a single event, plunged Europe into a large-scale war. The inherent instability created by this system rendered any diplomatic solution difficult to achieve, making large-scale conflict almost inevitable.