The concept describes a psychological state wherein an individual imagines and believes that a multitude of people are intently watching them. This construct is most commonly observed during adolescence. The individual experiencing this assumes that others are as preoccupied with their appearance and behavior as they themselves are. For example, an adolescent might believe that everyone at school noticed a minor stain on their shirt and is judging them for it.
This phenomenon plays a significant role in the self-consciousness and identity formation characteristic of adolescence. Understanding this concept aids educators, parents, and counselors in supporting adolescents through this developmental stage. Its historical roots are in early developmental psychology, specifically in the work of David Elkind and his theory of adolescent egocentrism, which posits that adolescents struggle to differentiate between their own thoughts and the thoughts of others.