The Hepburn Act, enacted in 1906, represents a significant piece of legislation related to the Progressive Era in United States history. Its primary aim was to strengthen the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) and regulate the railroad industry more effectively. The Act authorized the ICC to set maximum railroad rates, a power it previously lacked, thereby addressing complaints of price gouging and unfair practices. It also expanded the ICC’s jurisdiction to include other transportation companies, such as express companies, sleeping-car companies, and pipelines.
The importance of this legislative act lies in its ability to curb the power of railroad monopolies and provide some relief to farmers and small businesses who were dependent on rail transport. By empowering the ICC to regulate rates, the Act helped to ensure fairer pricing and prevent discriminatory practices. This, in turn, contributed to a more stable and equitable economic environment. Historically, it demonstrated a shift towards greater government intervention in the economy to protect the public interest, a hallmark of the Progressive movement.
