The term references the expansive grassland region of North America located west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountains. Characterized by flat terrain, limited rainfall, and a lack of trees (excluding riparian areas), this geographic area played a crucial role in shaping American history, particularly during the 19th century. Its vastness supported large herds of bison, influencing Native American cultures, and later became a focal point of westward expansion, agricultural development, and conflict.
Understanding this geographical region is essential for comprehending key historical events such as the Indian Wars, the development of the cattle industry, the rise of agricultural practices like dry farming, and the emergence of Populism. The challenges posed by the environmentlimited water, harsh weather conditionsshaped settlement patterns, agricultural techniques, and the social and political dynamics of the region. Its significance extends to understanding federal policies related to Native American relocation and land distribution, such as the Dawes Act.