These are the visible and accessible components within a building’s water system that receive or discharge water and waste. Examples include sinks, toilets, bathtubs, showers, and bidets. These are connected to the water supply and drainage systems, providing essential functions for hygiene, sanitation, and convenience within residential, commercial, and industrial buildings.
Properly functioning units are crucial for public health and sanitation. They ensure the safe removal of wastewater and the delivery of potable water, preventing the spread of disease and maintaining a healthy environment. Historically, the evolution of these systems has dramatically improved living standards, contributing to increased life expectancy and overall well-being through efficient water management.