In the context of AP Psychology, this term refers to a defense mechanism, theorized by Sigmund Freud, where an individual becomes stuck at a particular stage of psychosexual development due to either excessive gratification or frustration during that stage. This arrest in development results in personality traits and behaviors characteristic of that stage persisting into adulthood. For example, an individual who experienced significant difficulties during the oral stage may exhibit behaviors such as nail-biting, smoking, or excessive talking later in life.
Understanding this concept is crucial for comprehending psychodynamic theory and its influence on personality development. It highlights the lasting impact of early childhood experiences on adult behavior. Historically, this concept served as a cornerstone of Freudian psychoanalysis, shaping early approaches to therapy and personality assessment. Though modern psychology often critiques or modifies Freudian theory, this aspect of it remains a significant concept in understanding the history of psychological thought and the development of defense mechanisms.
