The concept refers to a limited availability of land or properties within a specific geographic area or market. This limitation can be driven by various factors, including natural geographic constraints, zoning regulations, or historical preservation efforts. For example, an island with finite land area inherently exhibits this characteristic, or a downtown core with strict building height restrictions experiences a limitation of new construction opportunities.
This limitation influences property values and market dynamics. The constrained supply can lead to increased demand, resulting in higher prices and intensified competition among buyers. Historically, areas exhibiting this have consistently demonstrated resilient property values, even during economic downturns, due to the inherent pressure from persistent demand. This dynamic creates opportunities for investment and development, but also presents challenges related to affordability and access.