Unequal exposure to environmental hazards based on race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status is a critical concept within the study of human geography. This disparity manifests when marginalized communities disproportionately bear the brunt of pollution, proximity to toxic waste facilities, and other environmental risks. For example, a low-income neighborhood situated near a major highway might experience elevated levels of air pollution and noise pollution, negatively impacting the health and well-being of its residents.
The significance of understanding this disparity lies in recognizing its far-reaching consequences for public health, economic opportunity, and social equity. Its origins can be traced to historical patterns of discrimination, discriminatory housing policies (like redlining), and uneven distribution of resources. Addressing this issue is vital for creating sustainable and just communities, promoting environmental stewardship, and improving overall societal well-being for all populations.