The term refers to surroundings and conditions where all living and non-living things exist naturally, encompassing the interaction of all biotic and abiotic elements. This includes landscapes, ecosystems, natural resources, climate, and all naturally occurring phenomena that are not the product of human intervention. A clear example would be an undisturbed rainforest, complete with its diverse flora and fauna, intricate food webs, and natural cycles of water and nutrients.
Understanding the components and dynamics of these areas is vital for environmental conservation, sustainable resource management, and human well-being. Historically, the concept has evolved from a focus on untouched wilderness to a more nuanced recognition of the interconnectedness of human society and ecological systems. Appreciating the intrinsic value and ecological services provided by these areas is crucial for mitigating environmental challenges and ensuring long-term sustainability.