Within the context of AP World History, this term refers to the core concept in Indian religions, particularly Hinduism and Buddhism, encompassing duty, righteousness, cosmic order, and moral law. It dictates an individual’s responsibilities and conduct based on their social class, occupation, gender, and stage of life. For instance, a ruler’s proper execution of justice and protection of their realm would exemplify adherence to this principle, while a merchant’s honest trade practices would represent another manifestation.
Understanding this principle is crucial because it shaped social structures, ethical frameworks, and political ideologies across South and Southeast Asia for centuries. It provided a moral compass for individuals and societies, influencing legal systems, social hierarchies like the caste system, and artistic expressions. Studying its application allows insight into the motivations and justifications behind various historical events, such as the rise and fall of empires, the spread of religious beliefs, and social reform movements.
