The practice involves the subsurface emplacement of fluids into geological formations deep beneath the Earth’s surface. This method typically utilizes specifically constructed wells to introduce liquids into porous and permeable rock layers that are isolated from shallower freshwater aquifers and the biosphere. A common application is the disposal of wastewater generated from industrial processes, such as oil and gas extraction, chemical manufacturing, and municipal wastewater treatment.
This method provides a means of isolating unwanted fluids from the environment, preventing surface contamination and potential harm to potable water sources. Its deployment is often dictated by regulatory requirements and aims to minimize environmental impact. The technique has evolved over decades, influenced by technological advancements and an increasing understanding of subsurface geology and fluid dynamics, shaping contemporary disposal strategies.