A delineated area on Earth’s surface unified by a dominant pattern of shared beliefs, practices, traits, and values. These areas may be formal, exhibiting uniformity in their characteristics, or functional, organized around a central node. They can also be vernacular, based on perceptions and held in the collective mind. A prime example is the American South, characterized by distinct dialect, cuisine, and historical experiences that set it apart from other parts of the United States.
Identifying and understanding these areas is fundamental to grasping the spatial variations in human activity. They provide a framework for analyzing phenomena like language distribution, religious adherence, and architectural styles. Historically, the study of these areas has informed our understanding of migration patterns, diffusion of innovations, and the development of distinct identities, influencing geopolitical landscapes and shaping interactions between different groups.