This term refers to a specific type of Protestant church organization that emerged prominently in colonial America. Characterized by its emphasis on the autonomy of the local congregation, it allowed each individual church to govern itself independently. Decisions regarding doctrine, membership, and leadership were made at the local level without hierarchical oversight from a larger governing body. An example of this system in practice is observed in the town meetings of early New England, where church members often played a significant role in civic affairs.
The form of religious organization was important as it fostered a spirit of self-governance and independence that extended beyond purely religious matters. It contributed significantly to the development of democratic ideals and participatory decision-making in colonial society. Historically, the rise and spread of these churches were closely linked to the Great Awakening and the growing emphasis on individual religious experience, challenging established religious authorities and promoting a more decentralized approach to religious practice.
