The coordinated processes whereby genetic information encoded in DNA is first copied into RNA, and then used to direct the synthesis of proteins, are centrally important to life. These two fundamental steps, while distinct, are intrinsically linked and represent the core mechanism by which genes are expressed and their information manifested into functional molecules. This integrated flow of information is a fundamental principle of molecular biology.
This conceptual framework is pivotal because it underlies nearly all biological processes. Understanding it allows for insights into how cells function, how organisms develop, and how diseases arise. Historically, its elucidation revolutionized our understanding of genetics and laid the foundation for modern biotechnology and genetic engineering. Further research into these areas allowed scientists the ability to modify or change genetics in various species. It is essential for developing new therapies and understanding evolutionary processes.
