This term, fundamentally a geographic and cultural designation, identifies the region of Europe that, during the medieval and early modern periods, was predominantly Christian and followed the Latin liturgical rite. It encompasses areas primarily in Western and Central Europe, distinguishing itself from the Eastern Orthodox Christian world centered in Byzantium. An example is the Holy Roman Empire, which, while politically fragmented, represented a key expression of its ideals and institutions.
Understanding this concept is essential for analyzing the political, social, and economic developments of Europe during the specified timeframe. It clarifies the context for events such as the Crusades, the Reformation, and the rise of nation-states, each of which were significantly influenced by its shared religious identity and papal authority. Its study provides a framework for understanding the development of unique cultural and intellectual traditions within Europe.
