An agricultural innovation developed in Mesoamerica, particularly by the Aztec civilization, involved creating artificial islands in shallow lake beds. These “floating gardens” were constructed by layering mud, decaying vegetation, and other organic materials on top of interwoven reeds and supports, effectively extending arable land into aquatic environments. This ingenious method allowed for intensive agriculture in areas where traditional farming was limited.
This farming technique offered several advantages, including year-round cultivation due to consistent access to water and nutrient-rich sediments. It significantly increased food production, supporting a large and dense population. The enhanced agricultural output contributed to the economic and political power of the Aztec empire. The practice also demonstrated a sophisticated understanding of hydraulic engineering and sustainable resource management.
