The term refers to a devastating global epidemic, specifically a strain of plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. This disease is transmitted to humans primarily through infected fleas from rodents. Characterized by swollen, painful lymph nodes (buboes), fever, chills, and potentially septicemia or pneumonic plague, it significantly impacted populations and trade networks throughout history. A notable example is the pandemic that ravaged Europe, Asia, and North Africa in the mid-14th century.
Its importance stems from its profound demographic, economic, and social consequences. The widespread mortality led to labor shortages, impacting agricultural production and trade. It contributed to social unrest, religious upheaval, and shifts in power structures across different societies. Studying this historical event provides crucial insights into disease dynamics, public health crises, and the interconnectedness of human populations.
