A school of thought within psychology, this perspective emphasizes the role of environmental factors in shaping observable actions. It posits that learning occurs through interactions with the environment, leading to changes in behavior. An illustration involves a student who consistently receives praise for answering questions correctly in class. According to this viewpoint, the positive reinforcement of praise increases the likelihood that the student will continue to participate actively in the future.
This approach offers a framework for understanding how experiences influence conduct, providing insights into the mechanisms of learning and adaptation. Its significance lies in its practical applications, which include therapeutic techniques, educational strategies, and methods for modifying habits. Historically, this perspective arose as a reaction against introspection, seeking to establish psychology as a more objective and scientific discipline by focusing on quantifiable and measurable aspects of conduct. Its emphasis on empirical evidence contributed significantly to the development of experimental methods in psychological research.
