This research methodology, employed within the field of psychology, involves analyzing pre-existing records to investigate hypotheses or answer research questions. These records, often stored in archives, may include documents, statistics, letters, or other forms of preserved information. For instance, a researcher might examine historical census data to study trends in mental health diagnoses over several decades.
The significance of this approach lies in its ability to provide insights into phenomena that are difficult or impossible to study through experimental manipulation. It allows for the examination of long-term trends and the exploration of past events that have shaped current psychological patterns. Furthermore, this methodology frequently offers a cost-effective alternative to collecting new data, as the information already exists and is readily accessible. Historical context is crucial in understanding how social and cultural factors influence psychological phenomena, and this method provides a unique lens through which to examine these influences.
