A “friend of the court” brief is a legal document filed in appellate court cases by non-litigants with a strong interest in the subject matter. These briefs offer information, expertise, and perspectives that the parties directly involved in the case may not provide. An example would be the NAACP submitting a brief in a case concerning voting rights, offering their expertise on historical discrimination and potential impacts of a ruling.
These filings serve a vital function in the judicial process by broadening the information base available to the court. They can bring attention to overlooked legal arguments, present relevant social science research, and articulate the broader implications of a ruling beyond the immediate parties. Historically, organizations representing civil rights, environmental concerns, and various industries have utilized such briefs to influence judicial decision-making.