The endeavor to assimilate immigrants into American culture by imparting knowledge of English language, American history, and civics. This initiative, prevalent in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, aimed to foster a unified national identity by encouraging newcomers to adopt American customs, values, and behaviors. Activities included English classes, citizenship training, and instruction in hygiene and domestic skills, often targeting women and children.
This societal push was fueled by anxieties surrounding large-scale immigration and a desire to maintain social order. Proponents believed that integrating immigrants would reduce social tensions, promote patriotism, and ensure a stable workforce. However, the process often disregarded the cultural heritage of immigrant communities, leading to resistance and the preservation of ethnic identities in parallel with, or sometimes in opposition to, the assimilation goals.
