The Judiciary Act of 1789 (noun) established the federal court system in the United States. It outlined the structure and jurisdiction of these courts, including the Supreme Court, district courts, and courts of appeals. The act defined the relationship between the federal and state courts. An example of its impact is the creation of the office of Attorney General to represent the United States in legal matters.
This legislation was crucial because it provided a framework for a functioning national government under the newly ratified Constitution. By establishing a clear judicial hierarchy, it helped to resolve disputes between states and the federal government, thus solidifying federal authority. It also addressed concerns about the absence of a mechanism for interpreting and enforcing federal laws, a key deficiency under the Articles of Confederation.
